From Bernard C, Duchemin T, Marty L, et al. First-Trimester mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination and Risk of Major Congenital Anomalies. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(10):e2538039. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.38039:

“Question  Are messenger RNA (mRNA)–based COVID-19 vaccines teratogenic ?

Findings  In this nationwide cohort study of 527 564 live-born infants, 130 338 (24.7%) were exposed to an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine during the first trimester of pregnancy. There was no association with an increased risk for 75 different major congenital malformations, whether examined overall, grouped by organ systems, or individually.”

Res ipsa loquitur.